00:00 preciou- [Voiceover] Hello grammarians, hello Rosie! 00:01 - [Voiceover] Hi David! 00:02 - [Voiceover] How are you? 00:03 - [Voiceover] Good, how are you? 00:04 - [Voiceover] Good, today we are going to talk about 00:05 run-ons and comma splices. 00:09 So a run-on sentence is what happens 00:12 when two independent clauses are put together 00:14 in one sentence without any punctuation 00:17 or coordinating conjunctions like and, but, or. 00:21 So Rosie what is a good example of a run-on sentence? 00:26 - [Voiceover] We bought nails we bought a hammer. 00:29 - [Voiceover] Yeah, so we can see that this sentence 00:32 contains two individual, independent clauses. 00:37 So we've got number one, we bought nails, 00:40 number two, we bought a hammer. 00:42 Now there are a couple of different ways 00:43 we could make this a legal sentence, 00:45 but right now as it stands this is a run-on, right? 00:48 - [Voiceover] So there are a couple of ways 00:49 we could fix this sentence. 00:50 One way would be just to add a semicolon in there. 00:53 So you've got two independent clauses. 00:56 - [Voiceover] We bought nails, semicolon, 00:58 we bought a hammer. 00:59 - [Voiceover] Right. 01:01 Another way you could do that would be to just 01:03 add a comma and then the conjunction and, 01:06 so you're connecting those two clauses. 01:09 - [Voiceover] So this is a run-on sentence without this and, 01:11 and this comma, and it's called that 01:13 because it's sort of like a runaway train, you know, 01:16 it doesn't have enough stoppage in it is how I would put it. 01:22 So that's what a run-on sentence is, 01:23 and now I wanna talk about comma splicing. 01:26 And the word splice, not a super-common term 01:29 if you are neither a sailor or a film editor. 01:33 But splicing is a word that originally meant 01:36 to take two ropes, untangle them, 01:39 and weave them back together. 01:40 It's a sailor's term related to rope lines. 01:44 In our case for grammar, a splice, 01:47 a comma splice is an inappropriate joining 01:50 of two independent clauses by using a comma. 02:02 So Rosie, this is Li'l Tony, Crime Fighting Pony. 02:05 - [Voiceover] Right. 02:06 - [Voiceover] So for example, in this sentence, 02:08 I love Li'l Tony 2: Pony Up 2 the Streets, 02:11 it's my favorite movie in the Li'l Tony franchise, 02:14 a very fine series of non-existent films. 02:16 The problem with this sentence is that right now 02:20 it's got this comma in the middle of it, 02:22 and this comma inappropriately joins 02:26 these two independent clauses. 02:28 Oh, and this whole time I forgot to say 02:34 two independent clauses inappropriately joined by a comma. 02:38 So okay, so we've got independent clause number one, 02:40 remember this thing could stand on its own as a sentence, 02:43 I love the name of this movie. 02:44 I love Li'l Tony 2: Pony Up 2 the Streets. 02:47 That could be its own sentence on its own, 02:48 end it with a period, period. 02:50 It's my favorite movie in the Li'l Tony franchise, period. 02:53 But we have these two independent clauses, right? 02:56 We cannot join them with just a comma. 03:00 We could say I love Li'l Tony 2: Pony Up 2 the Streets, 03:03 comma, and it's my favorite movie in the Li'l Tony franchise 03:06 or as we did in the previous example, 03:10 we could also throw in a semicolon, 03:12 which is I think what I would rather do. 03:13 I love Li'l Tony 2: Pony Up 2 the Streets; 03:16 semicolon, it's my favorite movie 03:18 in the Li'l Tony franchise. 03:19 And Rosie, you will notice that I have underlined 03:21 these titles. 03:23 - [Voiceover] Oh yes. 03:24 - [Voiceover] Because these are the names 03:26 of published works, even though we made them up. 03:28 - [Voiceover] Right, exactly. 03:30 - [Voiceover] But okay, but for real I would love 03:31 to see like a Li'l Tony, Crime Fighting Pony series. 03:34 - [Voiceover] Totally. 03:35 - [Voiceover] So to review, 03:36 when you're looking at a run-on, 03:38 you're looking at two independent clauses that are together 03:41 in one sentence, that are joined inappropriately 03:43 without punctuation or conjunctions. 03:46 So, we bought nails we bought a hammer. 03:49 There's not really a place to know 03:51 where the division between clauses is in that, 03:56 and so the thing to do is either to add some kind of, 04:00 is to add a comma and a conjunction, 04:03 or to combine them using a semicolon. 04:07 The same deal with a comma splice, 04:09 it's just that a comma splice is a run-on 04:12 that hasn't been fixed all the way. 04:14 - [Voiceover] Right, the comma's being used 04:16 but we need some bigger punctuation in place of the comma, 04:20 something like a semicolon, 04:22 in order to make a distinction between those two 04:26 independent clauses. 04:27 - [Voiceover] So that is how you identify and fix 04:29 run-ons and comma splices. 04:31 You can learn anything, David out. 04:33 - [Voiceover] Rosie out.