Naming Amines using IUPAC Nomenclature for Organic Compounds by Leah4sci LEAH FISCH: Leah here from leah4sci.com. And, in this video, I will show you how to name amines. An amine is classified as a molecule that has an R group, meaning your carbon chain attached to a nitrogen. There are three major classes of amines. When you have an NH2 bound to a single R group, that's a primary amine. When you have an NH bound to two R groups, represented as R and R prime, that's a secondary amine. And, when you have a single nitrogen bound to three R groups, represented as R, R prime, and R double prime, that's a tertiary amine. The prime simply differentiates between different R groups. So, in a tertiary amine, you can, potentially, have three different carbon chains or three of the same. In naming amines, we'll follow my puzzle piece approach to IUPAC naming and simply use the suffix amine to designate the R. We'll start with a simple example using CH3 bound to NH2. My parent chain has just a single carbon, giving me a first name of meth. Since I only have single bonds, that gives me a last name of ane. And having an amine gives me the suffix 1-amine. Since there is only one carbon, the 1 is understood and can be omitted, which means the E is followed by a vowel, and, thus, the E is also omitted. This gives me the name of methanamine. We treat a larger amine the same way. We start by highlighting and identifying the parent chain and numbering so that the nitrogen gets the lowest priority. Three carbons in my parent chain gives me a first name of prop. Only single bonds gives me a last name of ane. Since the nitrogen is on carbon 1, I get the ending of 1-amine. I drag the 1 to the start of the chain, allowing me to drop the E in ane for a final name of 1-propanamine. The nitrogen does not have to be at the end of your molecule, as in this example. We'll start by highlighting and identifying the parent chain and numbering to give the nitrogen the overall lower number. When I number from the right, nitrogen gets 2, and I have a total of four carbons for a first name of but. Only single bonds gives me a last name of ane, and the nitrogen on carbon 2 gives me the ending 2-amine. I drag the 2 to the beginning, drop the E in ane for a final name of 2-butanamine. Recognize that this is still a primary amine. Even though nitrogen is on a secondary carbon, nitrogen is attached to only one carbon, keeping it primary. When you have a substituent on your nitrogen, you treat it the same way as a substituent on the parent chain. However, instead of including a number for the parent chain, you include the letter N for the nitrogen and treat it as if it's the number N, rather than the letter, to get a better idea of how to put the name together. We'll start by highlighting and identifying the parent chain and numbering to give nitrogen the lowest priority. Four carbon gives me a first name of but. Only single bonds gives me a last name of ane. And a nitrogen gives me the suffix of 1-amine. I have a one-carbon substituent coming off the nitrogen for a prefix of N-methyl. When I put the name together, N-methyl precedes the name, just as a substituted number would, for a final name of N-methyl-1-butanamine. When a nitrogen occurs on a ring, you treat it the same way. In this case, the parent chain is a ring with six carbons where nitrogen gets the number 1, and you can choose the number clockwise or counterclockwise, given that there are no other substituents. Six carbons gives me a first name of hex. Having a ring gives me the prefix cyclo. And only single bonds gives me the last name ane. I have two substituents of two carbons each coming off the nitrogen for a prefix of N comma N-diethyl. The N comma N tells me that both substituents come off the nitrogen. And di tells me that I have two ethyl groups. We have the suffix amine where the number 1 is understood and can, therefore, be omitted. We drop the letter E in ane for a final name of N,N-diethylcyclohexylamine. When you have more than one amine, you name it the same way, but simply include di to show that you have two. In this example, I have the option of numbering from the right or the left, given that it's symmetrical, and get a total of seven carbons for a first name of hept. Only single bonds gives me a last name of ane. And two amino groups gives me the last name of 1 comma 7-diamine. I drag the numbers to the front, but still don't drop the E, given that di starts with a consonant, for a final name of 1,7-heptanediamine. Functional groups with an oxygen will be higher priority than amines. And, therefore, the nitrogen becomes a substituent with a prefix amino. For this example, since oxygen is higher priority, I number from the left for a total of five carbons and a first name of pent. Only single bonds gives me a last name of ane and a high-priority alcohol for a suffix of 2-ol. Since the amine is lower, I get the prefix 4-amino, drop the E in ane for a final name of 4-amino-2-pentanol. We'll end this video with an interesting example. On this parent chain, I have three functional groups-- a carboxylic acid, a ketone, and an amine. Since the carboxyl is highest priority, I start numbering from the right and get a total of six carbons for a first name of hex. Only single bonds in the parent chain gives me a last name of ane. I have a carboxyl on number 1, which gives me the ending oic acid, and the number is understood. The ketone on carbon 4 becomes the prefix 4-oxo, and the amine on carbon 6 becomes the prefix 6-amino. Since I have multiple substituents, I arrange them in alphabetical order. I drop the E in ane for a final name of 6-amino-4-oxohexanoic acid. Are you struggling with organic chemistry? Are you looking for information to guide you through the course and help you succeed? If so, download my ebook, 10 Secrets to Acing Organic Chemistry, using the link below, or visit leah4sci.com/orgosecrets. That's O-R-G-O secrets. For information regarding online tutoring, visit leah4sci.com/orgotutor. That's O-R-G-O tutor. If you enjoyed this video, please give it a thumbs up and even share it with a friend or two. If you have any questions regarding this video, leave a comment below, or contact me through my Facebook page at facebook.com/Leah4sci. There will be many related videos posted over the course of the semester. So go ahead and click the Subscribe button to ensure that you don't miss out.